This website is a great source of info for water in the slums.
It ranges from well classifications and collecting drinking water to the disposal of excrement and other wastes.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2134844/
Jack - Nov 9
Showing posts with label water. Show all posts
Showing posts with label water. Show all posts
Tuesday, November 9, 2010
Water: Hydropower
- · Presently, hydropower is used almost exclusively for the generation of electricity. Unlike fossil fuels, water power is a renewable source of energy which does not deplete through usage.
- In 1850, wind and water power accounted for two-thirds of mechanical power used in the U.S.
- Small scale hydropower installations utilized only a small fraction of a stream’s or river’s potential
- Large-scale hydroelectric power plants are built in conjunction with a reservoir. From the reservoir, water may be withdrawn.
Source
Krenz, Jerrold H. Energy: Conversion and Utilization (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1976), 259-260.
Krenz, Jerrold H. Energy: Conversion and Utilization (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1976), 259-260.
Haylie Chan
November 9, 2010
Clean water production and delivery
okay so this essay begins in a kind of funny/interesting way...
in the beginning stating obvious facts such as the fact that we need water to live, and that water that did not have the potential to kill us was hard to come by. people resulted in processes such as fermentation to sterelize their water but as a repercussion, basically half the world was half-drunk half the time. It is only until after we developped ways of cleaning our water tht the world was able to progress exponentially in every aspect.
this is the important part:
it mentions different ways of cleaning the water:
application of chlorine compounds
use of electrical power which produces ultraviolet light that causes breakdown of bacteria and viruses at the molecular level.
use of nuclear fissure and exposing the water to its radiation to accomplish the same task as the ultraviolet rays.
"One of the greatest advantages to using long-lived gamma emitters is that once it is in place, it will require very little maintenance. As a result, only a few people are needed to maintain this system in order to provide plenty of clean water to a very large population for many years without replacement. This will be important when the economic system has collapsed and every individual's time becomes much more precious to maintaining production."
this system then becomes ideal for our slum as it requires very little upkeep.
Lia Tramontini
November 9th
Clean Water Production and Delivery." Community for Tomorrow. http://www.communityfortomorrow.org/CleanWater.htm (accessed November 9, 2010).
Water in the context of the Urban Survival Kit
Keeping in mind all information posted previously regarding water, and knowing that water is the essential life-giving element, water is a crucial component to the survival kit. Since antiquity, civilizations have been built up around water sources both as a means of survival, but also for transport (as mentioned in previous posts and comments). Water thus proves a symbol for life and urbanization and innovations in technology built upon this.
i realize this is very brief right now, but taking into consideration my previous comments, i think we can piece together an argument of the necessity of water and its uses both for survival and transport. at the same time however, we must keep in mind conservation and supplies of water accessible and look for more efficient ways in which water can be utilized. in slum like circumstances especially, water must be used in the most effective way possible as currently in such degenerate areas, it is the cause of disease and death versus miracle and life.
Safira
09/11/10
i realize this is very brief right now, but taking into consideration my previous comments, i think we can piece together an argument of the necessity of water and its uses both for survival and transport. at the same time however, we must keep in mind conservation and supplies of water accessible and look for more efficient ways in which water can be utilized. in slum like circumstances especially, water must be used in the most effective way possible as currently in such degenerate areas, it is the cause of disease and death versus miracle and life.
Safira
09/11/10
More on energy production
Coverting Water Wheel Mills to Electrical production
A Waterwheel is a system for extracting usable power from the water flowing in a river or stream. Along with windmills, waterwheels have been powering the milling of flour and other industry for hundreds of years.
Although waterwheels have now died out of use across most of the world thanks to national grid electricity, they are still common use off-grid in places such as Nepal and India where hundreds of thousands of waterwheels are still used to this day. For many in the Himalayan regions a water wheels is the only source of power, together with dangerous kerosene lamps.
Now people are looking at ways in which waterwheels can be used to generate electricity , not just for these remote regions, but also in Europ eand North America where enormous energy resources are untapped at the present.
In developing countries where water wheel power is common, electricity can be generated fro those peropl ewho lieve where the electricity grid cannot reach, and combined with modern energy efficient LED and CFT lighting, can improve their standard of living enormously. It is not complicated or expensive to modify an existing waterwheel driven mill to operate as an electricity generator.
One example of how simply a wsater power can be used to generate electricity. If a small watermill turns at around 60rpm a belt to an alternator is made to turn at hundres of rpm, and so the voltage generated is perfect for recharging 12V batteries.
Car alternators can supply hundreds of watts of electrical power which can then be used to power lighting, radios, computers and so on. The typical cost of such a sytems is about $50, and has the advantage that the waterwheels used to generate power as been and continue to be maintained by the mill owner as it has been for centuries.
Conservation of Energy Methods
Here are a few bits of technology easily adaptable to meet many different narratives.
Solar Water Heating
Solar water heating is perhaps one of the most prolific uses of solar energy in Australian homes - particularly in cities such as Brisbane which recieves fairly consisten amounts o fsunlight throughout the year. Youcan benefit from a good slupply of hot water without having to pay alarming energy bills. IN average homes, hot water is the main contributor to enrgy bills
Basically, cool tap water is sent through a system o fpipes which are heated naturally by the sun. The heated pipes transfer their energy to the water as it runs through the pieps and the water is sent back into the house's boiler. Sometimes, in passive solutions, the solar hot water is sent directly to the taps. Here is an examples of solar hot water systems typically found in Brisbane.
Solar Water Heating
Solar water heating is perhaps one of the most prolific uses of solar energy in Australian homes - particularly in cities such as Brisbane which recieves fairly consisten amounts o fsunlight throughout the year. Youcan benefit from a good slupply of hot water without having to pay alarming energy bills. IN average homes, hot water is the main contributor to enrgy bills
Basically, cool tap water is sent through a system o fpipes which are heated naturally by the sun. The heated pipes transfer their energy to the water as it runs through the pieps and the water is sent back into the house's boiler. Sometimes, in passive solutions, the solar hot water is sent directly to the taps. Here is an examples of solar hot water systems typically found in Brisbane.
http://www.energyrant.com/brisbane-solar-resources/brisbane-solar-hot-water/
Solar hot water systesms require solar panels and solar collectors to be installed on the roof with the preferred orientation being due North. Some solar hot water systems known as close coupled solar systems have both the hot water tank and collectos on the roof which keeps everything together and can be cheaper than a split solar system which separates the hot water tank and the collectors with the hot water tank situated on the ground. Our most common brands are Dux solar and Rheem solar however we often deal with hot water manufcatureres such as Rinnai, Edwards and Solahart.
Wind Energy Systems
Wind turbines have continued to grow dramatically in size and efficiency, from 50kW in the late 1980s to up to 5 MW today. Wind power is instrinsically CO2 free. Therefore, wind turbines are rapidly becoming an integrated part of modern power production in many countries. The industry now produces wind turbines tha play an active part in th control and regulatory functions of power systems, in contrast to older turbines that did little to support the stability of the grid. The future R&D challenges for the industry, will focus on optimizing wind turbine performance by designing the most efficient and robust wind turbines while reducing the weight and, if possible, physical size of the turbines.
Offshore wind
Offshore wind turbine technology is a Danish specialty. More thant 90% of all offshore wind turbines worldwide com from Danish companies. This is underlined by the Danish wind industry's continuous work to make offshore power plants even more efficient, with a special focus on the fufrther technological and commercial innovation of:
- Installation methods
- Foundations
- Cabling installation
- Grid connections
- Maintenance
Design optimization, the assessment of environmental impact, and the management of these large scale marine construction projects require specialized expertise. Danish companies have vast experience in meeting the challenges of constructing offshore wind power plants.
Sunday, November 7, 2010
Water
A chemical substance (formula H2O) which coexists on earth in all states of matter, and vital to all known forms of life. Generally, when we speak of water, we think of it in its liquid form as this is the form which covers 70.9% of the earth's surface. Vital to all known forms of life, water circulates on the surface, in the atmosphere, and through almost all biological cycles.
Clean drinking water is essential. Currently, 80% of the world's illnesses (especially in developing countries) stems from unsanitary water. There is a clear correlation between access to safe drinking water and GDP per capita, and in this sense, water quality becomes a clear indicator of the ability of a nation to achieve sustainable development. Though access to safe drinking water has improved substantially, studies estimate that in 15 years, more than half of the world's population will be facing water-based vulnerability. Water is also central to the world's economy, functioning as a solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances, and facilitates industrial cooling and temperature.
In these regards, water becomes a plane.
Water Conservation: the practice of using water more efficiently, reducing use, and capturing all available sources. Three central aims are sustainability, habitat conservation, and energy conservation.
Water Supply: the provision of water, by public utilities, commercial organizations, communities, etc. usually by a system of pumps and pipes.
This develops a network, indicating line-like qualities of the resource.
Clean drinking water is essential. Currently, 80% of the world's illnesses (especially in developing countries) stems from unsanitary water. There is a clear correlation between access to safe drinking water and GDP per capita, and in this sense, water quality becomes a clear indicator of the ability of a nation to achieve sustainable development. Though access to safe drinking water has improved substantially, studies estimate that in 15 years, more than half of the world's population will be facing water-based vulnerability. Water is also central to the world's economy, functioning as a solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances, and facilitates industrial cooling and temperature.
In these regards, water becomes a plane.
Water Conservation: the practice of using water more efficiently, reducing use, and capturing all available sources. Three central aims are sustainability, habitat conservation, and energy conservation.
Water Supply: the provision of water, by public utilities, commercial organizations, communities, etc. usually by a system of pumps and pipes.
This develops a network, indicating line-like qualities of the resource.
Safira
o7/11/10
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